Sussex Hate Crime Project

Publications

Here you will find links to the official report, academic articles, parliamentary submissions, books, and conferences in which our research has been published.

The Sussex Hate Crime Project Report

This report oultines the key findings from the 20 studies of the project that were conducted with Muslim and LGBT communities across 5 years.

 

Papers

Paterson, Jenny L, Walters, Mark A and Brown, Rupert (2019) 'Your pain is my pain': examining the community impacts of Islamophobic hate crimes. In: Awan, Imran and Zempi, Irene (eds.) The Routledge international handbook of Islamophobia. Routledge International Handbooks . Routledge, London; New York. ISBN 978-0815353751

Paterson, Jenny L, Brown, Rupert and Walters, Mark A (2019) The short and longer term impacts of hate crimes experienced directly, indirectly and through the media. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45 (7). pp. 994-1010. ISSN 0146-1672

Walters, Mark A, Paterson, Jenny L, McDonnell, Liz and Brown, Rupert (2019) Group identity, empathy and shared suffering: understanding the “community” impacts of anti-LGBT and Islamophobic hate crimes. International Review of Victimology. ISSN 0269-7580

Paterson, Jennifer, Brown, Rupert and Walters, Mark A (2019) Feeling for and as a group member: understanding LGBT victimisation via group-based empathy and intergroup emotions. British Journal of Social Psychology, 58 (1). pp. 211-224. ISSN 0144-6665

Paterson, Jennifer, Brown, Rupert and Walters, Mark (2018) Understanding victim group responses to hate crime: shared identities, perceived similarity and intergroup emotions. Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 25 (2). pp. 163-177. ISSN 1972-6325

Walters, M. A., Paterson, J. L., Brown, R & McDonnell, L. (2017). Hate crimes against trans people: assessing emotions, behaviours, and attitudes toward criminal justice agencies. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.

Walters, M. A. & Paterson, J. L. (2015) Transphobic hate crime and perceptions of the criminal justice system. Transgender Equality Inquiry, Women and Equalities Committee, UK Parliament. The report can be viewed here.

Brown, R. & Walters, M. A. (2016) Findings from the Sussex Hate Crime Project. Submission to the Parliamentary Inquiry into hate crime and its violent consequences. September, 2016.

Findings from the Sussex Hate Crime Project [DOCX 421.29KB]

Conferences

Brown, R., Paterson, J. L., & Walters, M. A. (2015, June). The indirect effects of hate crime: policy implications. Paper presented at a special conference of The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, A Road Less Travelled: Forging Links between Psychological Science and Social Policy, Washington DC.

Fearn, H, Walters, M.A., & Brown, R. (2015, June). Paper presented at the Centre for Islamic Studies Conference, Cambridge, UK.

Fearn, H, Walters, M.A., & Brown, R. (2015, February). Paper presented at the Victim Support Conference, Crawley, UK.

Fearn, H, Walters, M.A., & Brown, R. (2014, September). Paper presented at the British Psychological Society Social Section Conference. University of Kent at Canterbury, UK.

Brown, R. Paterson, J. L. & Walters, M. A. (2014, November) Others’ pain is my pain too: The indirect effects of hate crimes on Muslim communities. Paper presented to a special meeting jointly organised by The City of London Police and MEND, Challenging Islamophobia, Building Communities.

Paterson, J. L., Brown, R., & Walters, M. A. (2014, June). Others' pain is my pain too. The indirect effects of hate crimes on LGBT communities. Paper presented at the meeting of The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Portland, OR, USA.

Brown, R., Paterson, J. L., & Walters, M. A. (2014, June). Others' pain is my pain too. The indirect effects of hate crimes on LGBT communities. Paper presented at the meeting of Researching Social Exclusion: Relevance for Public Policy and Practice, University of Kent, UK.

Fearn, H., Walters, M.A., Brown, R. (2014, May). Experiences of online hate crime: Early findings. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Network of Hate Studies, University of Sussex, UK.

Paterson, J. L., Walters, M. A., & Brown, R. (2014, May). Understanding the indirect consequences of hate crime victimisation: The victim group response. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Network of Hate Studies, University of Sussex, UK.

 

 

 

Here is a selection of related publications that may be of interest to you.

Why Criminalise Hate?

Iganski, P. (1999). Why make ‘hate’ a crime?. Critical Social Policy, 19(3), 386-395.

Social Psychological and Criminological Theories of Hate Crime

Cheng, W., Ickes, W., & Kenworthy, J. B. (2013). The phenomenon of hate crimes in the United States. Journal of Applied Psychology, 43, 761-794.

Perry, B. (2001). In the name of hate: Understanding hate crimes. Routledge.

Ray, L., Smith, D., & Wastell, L. (2004). Shame, rage and racist violence. British Journal of Criminology, 44(3), 350-368.

Walters, M. A. (2011). A General Theories of Hate Crime? Strain, Doing Difference and Self Control. Critical Criminology, 19, 313-330.

Direct Impacts of Hate Crime

Ahn Lim, H. (2009). Beyond the Immediate Victim: Understanding Hate Crimes as Message Crimes. In P. Iganski (Ed.), Hate Crimes, Volume Two. London: Praeger.

Barnes, A., & Ephross, P. H. (1994). The impact of hate violence on victims: Emotional and behavioral responses to attacks. Social Work, 39(3), 247-251.

Garnets, L., Herek, G. M., & Levy, B. (1990). Violence and Victimization of Lesbians and Gay Men Mental Health Consequences. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5(3), 366-383.

Garofalo, J. (1997). Hate crime victimization in the United States. In Davies, R., Lurigio, A., & Skogan, W. (Eds.) Victims of Crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Hein, L. C., & Scharer, K. M. (2012). Who Cares If It Is a Hate Crime? Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Hate Crimes—Mental Health Implications and Interventions. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 49(2), 84-93.

Herek, G. M., Berrill, K., & Berrill, K. T. (Eds.). (1992). Hate crimes: Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men. CA:Sage.

Herek, G. M., Cogan, J. C., & Gillis, J. R. (2002). Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation. Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), 319-339.

Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (1999). Psychological sequelae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 945.

Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., Cogan, J. C., & Glunt, E. K. (1997). Hate Crime Victimization Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults Prevalence, Psychological Correlates, and Methodological Issues. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(2), 195-215.

Iganski, P. (2008). Hate crime and the city. Bristol: The Policy Press.

Levin, B. (1999). Hate Crimes Worse by Definition. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 15(1), 6-21.

McDevitt, J., Balboni, J., Garcia, L., & Gu, J. (2001). Consequences for Victims A Comparison of Bias-and Non-Bias-Motivated Assaults. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(4), 697-713.

Noelle, M. (2009). The social and psychological effects of antibisexual, antigay, and antilesbian violence and harassment. In P. Iganski (Ed.), Hate Crimes, Volume Two. London: Praeger.

Indirect Impacts of Hate Crime

Noelle, M. (2002). The ripple effect of the Matthew Shepard murder impact on the assumptive worlds of members of the targeted group. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(1), 27-50.

Perry, B., & Alvi, S. (2012). ‘We are all vulnerable’. The in terrorem effects of hate crimes. International Review of Victimology, 18(1), 57-71.

How Is The Law Working?

Burney, E., & Rose, G. (2002). Racist offences–how is the law working. Home office research study, 244.

Walters, M. A. (in press). Conceptualising 'hostility' for hate crime law: Minding 'the minutiae' when interpreting section 28 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies.

Should We Use Restorative Justice Instead?

Walters, M. A., & Hoyle, C. (2012). Exploring the everyday world of hate victimization through community mediation. International Review of Victimology, 18(1), 7-24.

Walters, M.A., & Hoyle, C. (2010). Healing harms and engendering tolerance: the promise of restorative justice for hate crime. In Chakraborti, N., (Ed.) Hate Crime: Concepts, policy, future directions. Willan Publishing: Devon.

Government and Third Party Reports

Dick, S. (2008), Homophobic Hate Crime: The Gay British Crime Survey 2008, London: Stonewall.

Quarmby, K. (2008). Getting away with murder: Disabled people's experiences of hate crime in the UK. London: SCOPE.

Victim Support. (2006). Crime & prejudice: The support needs of victims of hate crime: a research report. London: Victim Support.